International Journal of Contemporary Approaches in Education
Abbreviation: IJCAE | ISSN (Online): 2979-9872 | DOI: 10.29329/ijcae

Research article    |    Open Access
International Journal of Contemporary Approaches in Education 2025, Vol. 4(1) 63-80

Recommendations for the Assessment of Inclusive 21st Century Skills Model Applications

Seda Usta-Gezer

pp. 63 - 80   |  DOI: https://doi.org/10.29329/ijcae.2025.1312.4

Publish Date: June 24, 2025  |   Single/Total View: 135/106   |   Single/Total Download: 141/116

PDF Download

Abstract

21st century skills are generally regarded as the skills that individuals need to have in today's world, and they are categorized in various ways by different institutions and organizations. In addition to activities and applications aimed at acquiring these skills in educational environments, assessment processes have also been the subject of numerous studies. There are various 21st century skill scales available in the literature, targeting various groups. Some of these scales are developed to measure broader skill sets. In this regard, we see a broader classification of skills in the “Inclusive 21st Century Skills Model”. This up-to-date model developed considering our education system consists of 7 main skills, 46 sub-skills, and 11 values. This study provides recommendations for the assessment of skills to be acquired through the use of the model in science education. In line with the purpose of this study, the definition of 21st century skills and the frameworks found in the literature will first be addressed. Then, the Inclusive 21st Century Skills Model developed for the classification of these skills will be introduced, and finally, suggestions will be presented on how this model can be integrated into assessment and evaluation processes specifically in science education.

Keywords: 21st Century Skills, Inclusive 21st Century Skills Model, Preservice Science Teachers, Science Education, Science Teachers

How to Cite this Article?

APA 7th edition
Usta-Gezer, S. (2025). Recommendations for the Assessment of Inclusive 21st Century Skills Model Applications. International Journal of Contemporary Approaches in Education, 4(1), 63-80. https://doi.org/10.29329/ijcae.2025.1312.4

Harvard
Usta-Gezer, S. (2025). Recommendations for the Assessment of Inclusive 21st Century Skills Model Applications. International Journal of Contemporary Approaches in Education, 4(1), pp. 63-80.

Chicago 16th edition
Usta-Gezer, Seda (2025). "Recommendations for the Assessment of Inclusive 21st Century Skills Model Applications". International Journal of Contemporary Approaches in Education 4 (1):63-80. https://doi.org/10.29329/ijcae.2025.1312.4
References
  1. Adeoye, M. A., Prastikawati, E. F., & Abimbowo, Y. O. (2024). Empowering Learning: Pedagogical strategies for advancing 21st century skills and quality education. Journal of Nonformal Education, 10(2), 10–21. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15294/jone.v10i1.1451 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  2. Akyol, T. (2012). Resimli çocuk kitaplarında yer alan değerlerin incelenmesi. [Analyzing values in picture story books]. Unpublished master’s thesis. Hacettepe University. Ankara. [Google Scholar]
  3. Avdiu, E., Bekteshi, E., & Gollopeni, B. (2025). Learning skills for the future–implementing the 21st century learning. Multidisciplinary Science Journal, 7(1), 2025011. https://doi.org/10.31893/multiscience.2025011 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  4. Aydın Ceran, S. (2021). 21. yüzyıl becerileri bağlamında fen eğitiminin bugünü ve geleceği: Türkiye perspektifinde bir analiz [Present and future of science education in the context of 21st century skills: An analysis from the perspective of Turkey]. Journal of the Human and Social Science Researches, 10(4), 3191-3218. https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.908645 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  5. Aydın Çulha, M. (2022). 21. Yüzyıl becerileri ve ölçme-değerlendirme. [21st century skills and measurement-evaluation]. In Büyükalan Filiz, S. (Eds). 21. Yüzyıl becerilerinin eğitime yansımaları [Reflections of 21st century talents on education]. Pegem Yayıncılık. [Google Scholar]
  6. Aygün, Ş. S., Atalay, N., Kılıç, Z., & Yaşar, S. (2016). Öğretmen adaylarına yönelik 21.yüzyıl becerileri yeterlilik algıları ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. [The development of a 21st century skills and competences scale directed at teaching candidates: Validity and reliability study]. Pamukkale University Journal of Education, 40(40), 160-175. [Google Scholar]
  7. Bardak, M. (2018). Oyun temelli öğrenme. [Game based learning]. In Gürol A (Eds). Erken çocukluk döneminde öğrenme yaklaşımları [Learning approaches in early childhood] (s. 207-230). İstanbul: Efe Akademi Yayınları. [Google Scholar]
  8. Briede, B. (2013). A constructivist approach in engineering education, Engineering For Rural Development, 584-589. [Google Scholar]
  9. Cansoy, R. (2018). Uluslararası çerçevelere göre 21. yüzyıl becerileri ve eğitim sisteminde kazandırılması. [21st century skills according to international frameworks and building them in the education system]. Journal of the Human and Social Science Researches, 7(4), 3112-3134. [Google Scholar]
  10. Care, E., Griffin, P., & Wilson, M. (Eds.). (2018). Assessment and teaching of 21st century skills: Research and applications. Springer. [Google Scholar]
  11. Coşkun, F. (2022). Öğretmenlik mesleği ve 21. yüzyıl becerileri. [Teaching profession and 21st century skills]. Alanyazın 3(1),31-38 http://dx.doi.org/10.22596/ cresjournal.0301.31.38 [Google Scholar]
  12. Çoban, Ö., Bozkurt, S., & Kan, A. (2019). Eğitim yöneticisi 21. yy. becerileri ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. [Developing on educational administrators’ 21st century skills scale: Study of validity and reliability]. Kastamonu Education Journal, 27(3), 1059-1071. https://doi.org/10.24106/kefdergi.2572 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  13. Çevik, M., & Şentürk C. (2019). Multidimensional 21th century skills scale: Validity and reliability study. Cypriot Journal of Educational Science, 14(1), 11-28. https://doi.org/10.18844/cjes.v14i1.3506 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  14. Çiftçi, S., Sağlam, A., & Yayla, A. (2021). 21. yüzyıl becerileri bağlamında öğrenci, öğretmen ve eğitim ortamları. [Student, teacher and educational environments in the context of 21. century skills]. RumeliDE Journal of Language and Literature Studies, (24), 718-734. https://doi.org/10.29000/rumelide.995863 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  15. Demir, K., & Çetin, P.S. (2023). 2018 Fen bilimleri dersi öğretim programının 21. yüzyıl becerileri açısından incelenmesi. [Examining the 2018 science course curriculum in terms of 21st century skills]. Anadolu Teacher Journal, 7(1), 25-43. https://doi.org/10.35346/aod.1279320 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  16. Dursun, B. (2022). Ders kitaplarında ve eğitim programlarında 21. Yüzyıl becerileri. [21st Century skills in textbooks and educational programs]. In Büyükalan Filiz, S. (Eds) 21. Yüzyıl becerilerinin eğitime yansımaları [Reflections of 21st Century talents on education]. Pegem Yayıncılık. [Google Scholar]
  17. Düzgüner, T. T., Karabulut, H., & Kariper, İ. A. (2022). Ortaokul öğrencilerine yönelik 21. yüzyıl becerileri yeterlik algısı ölçeği geliştirme çalışması. [Reflection of undergraduate education to teacher’s professional life]. Aydın Adnan Menderes University Journal of Institute of Social Sciences, 9(2), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.30803/adusobed.1074325 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  18. Ecevit, T., & Kaptan, F. (2019). 21. yüzyıl becerilerinin kazandırılmasına yönelik tasarlanan argümantasyon destekli araştırma-sorgulamaya dayalı öğretim modelinin betimlenmesi. [Describing the argument based inquiry teaching model designed for gaining the 21st century skills]. H. U. Journal of Education, 36(2), 470-488. [Google Scholar]
  19. Geisinger, K. F. (2016). 21st century skills: What are they and how do we assess them? Applied Measurement in Education, 29:4, 245-249. https://doi.org/10.1080/08957347.2016.1209207 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  20. González-Pérez, L. I., & Ramírez-Montoya, M. S. (2022). Components of education 4.0 in 21st century skills frameworks: Systematic review. Sustainability, 14(3), 1493. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14031493 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  21. González-Salamanca, J.C., Agudelo, O.L., & Salinas, J.(2020). Key competencies, education for sustainable development and strategies for the development of 21st century skills. a systematic literature review. Sustainability, 12, 10366. https://doi.org/10.3390/su122410366 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  22. Griffin, P., & Care, E. (Eds.). (2014). Assessment and teaching of 21st century skills: Methods and approach. Springer. [Google Scholar]
  23. Gültekin Talayhan, Ö., & Büyükalan, Filiz, S. (2022). 21. Yüzyıl becerileri kapsamında teknoloji kullanımı. [Use of technology within the scope of 21st Century skills.]. In Büyükalan Filiz, S. (Eds). 21. Yüzyıl becerilerinin eğitime yansımaları [Reflections of 21st Century talents on education]. Pegem Yayıncılık. [Google Scholar]
  24. Günüç, S. (2017). Eğitimde teknoloji entegrasyonunun kuramsal temelleri. [Theoretical foundations of technology integration in education]. Anı Yayıncılık, Ankara. [Google Scholar]
  25. Gür, H., Güler, Z., Genç, C. B., Cabbar, B. G., & Karamete, A. (2023). 21. yy becerileri ölçeğinin Türk kültürüne uyarlanması. [Adapting the 21st century skills scale to Turkish culture]. J. BAUN Inst. Sci. Technol, 25(1), 215-232. https://doi.org/10.25092/baunfbed.1189613 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  26. Kain, C., Koschmieder, C., Matischek-Jauk, M., & Bergner, S.. (2024). Mapping the landscape: A scoping review of 21st century skills literature in secondary education. Teaching and Teacher Education. 151. 104739. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2024.104739 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  27. Kalemkuş, F., & Özek, M. B. (2021). 21. yüzyıl becerileri konusunda araştırma eğilimleri: 2000-2020 (Ocak Ayı). [Research Trends of the 21st Century Skills: 2000-2020 (January)]. MANAS Journal of Social Studies, 10(2), 878-900. https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.774848 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  28. Keçeci, G., & Kavukçu, B. (2023). Fen bilimleri öğretmenleri ve 21. yüzyıl becerileri. [Science teachers and 21st century skills.]. İksad Yayınevi. Ankara. [Google Scholar]
  29. Lai, E. R., & Viering, M. (2012). Assessing 21st century skills: Integrating research Findings. Pearson. [Google Scholar]
  30. Lafifa, F., Rosana, D., Suyanta, S., Nurohman, S., & Astuti, S. (2023). Integrated STEM approach to improve 21st century skills in Indonesia: A systematic review. International Journal of STEM Education for Sustainability. 3. 252-267. https://doi.org/10.53889/ijses.v3i2.219. [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  31. Ministry of National Education (2018). Fen bilimleri dersi öğretim programı (ilkokul ve ortaokul 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ve 8. sınıflar). [Science course curriculum (primary and secondary school 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th grades)]. MEB Yayınları. Ankara. [Google Scholar]
  32. Ministry of National Education (2021). Tasarım beceri atölyesi. Okul yöneticileri, öğretmenler ve öğrenciler için rehber [Design skills atelier. Directory of school educators, trainers and officials]. Reached from https://tba.meb.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/TBA-Rehber.pdf Retrived date: 25.03.2023. [Google Scholar]
  33. Ministry of National Education (2024). Fen Bilimleri Dersi (3, 4, 5, 6, 7 Ve 8.Sınıflar)Türkiye Yüzyılı Maarif Modeli [Science Course (Grades 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8) Türkiye Century Education Model Science Course (Grades 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8) Türkiye Century Education Model]. Reached from: https://tymm.meb.gov.tr/upload/program/2024programfen345678 Onayli.pdf Retrived date: 05.02.2025 [Google Scholar]
  34. Ministry of Family, Labor, and Social Services (2016). Beceriler önemlidir: Yetişkin becerileri araştırmasının kapsamlı sonuçları Türkiye ülke notu. [Skills matter: Comprehensive results of the adult skills survey Türkiye country note.]. Reached from: https://www.oecd.org/skills/piaac/Skills-Matter-Turkey-Turkish-version.pdf. Retrived date: 25.03.2023 [Google Scholar]
  35. Ministry of National Education 2023 Educational Vision (2019). Reached from https://www.gmka.gov.tr/dokumanlar/yayinlar/2023_E%C4%9Fitim%20Vizyonu.pdf Retrived date: 25.03.2023 [Google Scholar]
  36. OECD (2018), The future of education and skills: Education 2030. Reached From: https://www.oecd.org/content/dam/oecd/en/publications/reports/2018/06/the-future-of-education-and-skills_5424dd26/54ac7020-en.pdf Retrived date: 30.09.2023 [Google Scholar]
  37. Özyurt, M. (2020). 21. yüzyıl becerileri öğretimi ölçeğinin Türk kültürüne uyarlanması: Geçerlik güvenirlik çalışması. [Adaptation of 21st century skills teaching scale to Turkish culture: A validity-reliability study]. OPUS International Journal of Society Researches, 16(30), 2568-2594. https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.725042 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  38. Partnership for 21st Century Learning (P21). (2009). P21 framework definitions. Reached from: https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED519462.pdf Retrived date: 25.03.2023 [Google Scholar]
  39. Rotherham, A. & Willingham, D. (2009). 21st century skills: the challenges ahead. Educational Leadership. 67. 16-21. [Google Scholar]
  40. Saavedra, A. R., & Opfer, V. D. (2012). Teaching and learning 21st century skills: Lessons from the learning sciences. Reached from: https://www.opsba.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/RANDPaper.pdf Retrieved date: 27.08.2023 [Google Scholar]
  41. Salih, P., & Erikli Selek, S.(2023). 21. yüzyıl becerileri: Gençlerin Algısı. [21st century skills: Young people's perception]. Gazi Kitabevi. [Google Scholar]
  42. Sari, Y. I. & Handoyo, B. (2019, June). A preliminary research to develop 21st century worksheet. In 1st International Conference on Social Knowledge Sciences and Education (ICSKSE 2018) (pp. 195-198). Atlantis Press. [Google Scholar]
  43. Stehle, S. M., & Peters-Burton, E. E. (2019). Developing student 21st century skills in selected exemplary inclusive STEM high schools. International Journal of STEM education, 6(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40594-019-0192-1 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  44. Şahin, S., & Çelik, S. (2024). The framework of 21st century skills in the educational sciences literature. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Buca Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi(60), 931-951. https://doi.org/10.53444/deubefd.1346588 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  45. Şentürk, G., & Arslan, M.. (2020). Fen Bilimleri dersinde değerler eğitiminin uygulanabilirliğine ilişkin öğretmen görüşleri. [Teacher opinions on the applicability of values education in science classes]. YILDIZ Journal of Educational Research, 5(1), 55-88. https://doi.org/10.51280/yjer.2020.003 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  46. Tatar, N. (2006). İlköğretim fen eğitiminde araştırmaya dayalı öğrenme yaklaşımının bilimsel süreç becerilerine, akademik başarıya ve tutuma etkisi [The effect of research-based learning approach in primary school science education on scientific process skills, academic achievement and attitude]. Unpublished doctoral thesis, Gazi University, Ankara. [Google Scholar]
  47. Türel, Y.K., Şimşek, A., Şengül Vautier, C.G., Şimşek, E. & Kızıltepe, F. (2023). 21. yüzyıl becerileri ve değerlere yönelik araştırma raporu. [Research report on 21st century skills and values.]. T.C. Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı Talim ve Terbiye Kurulu Başkanlığı, Ankara. [Google Scholar]
  48. Van Laar, E., Van Deursen, A. J., Van Dijk, J. A., & De Haan, J. (2017). The relation between 21st century skills and digital skills: A systematic literature review. Computers in human behavior, 72, 577-588. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.03.010 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  49. Vista, A., Kim, H., & Car, Esther. (2010). Use of data from 21st century skills assessments: Issues and key principles. Reached from Reached from: https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/EffectiveUse-Vista-Kim-Care-10-2018-FINALforwebsite.pdf Retrieved date: 27.08.2023 [Google Scholar]
  50. Yalçın, S. (2018). 21. Yüzyıl Becerileri ve Bu Becerilerin Ölçülmesinde Kullanılan Araçlar ve Yaklaşımlar . [21st Century Skills and Tools and Approaches That Are Used to Measure These Skill]. Ankara University Journal of Faculty of Educational Sciences(JFES),51(1),183-201. https://doi.org/10.30964/auebfd.405860 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  51. World Economic Forum (2020). The future of jobs report 2020. World Economic Forum, Geneva, Switzerland. [Google Scholar]
Meta
Vol. 4 (1)
Download
Metric
History
Related

Volume 4 Issue 1

June 2025

All Manuscript
Copyright © 2026 International Journal of Contemporary Approaches in Education.
Pen Academic Publishing® [A partner journal of Pen Academic]
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. CC BY
All elements of this website were created using the BOQ™ - Intelligent Webverse System.